This Aviation Maintenance roundtable discussion features experts from Alitheon and MARPA addressing the critical safety and financial risks posed by counterfeit and fraudulent aircraft parts. The experts distinguish between fake components and grey market goods, noting that sophisticated fraud often bypasses traditional paperwork-based verification systems. While historical safeguards like traceability audits and industry accreditation have mitigated some risks, recent high-profile cases highlight persistent vulnerabilities in the global supply chain. Proposed solutions include blockchain technology for digital records and optical AI to establish unique, unforgeable digital fingerprints for physical objects. Ultimately, the industry is moving toward enhanced digital documentation and forensic verification to protect against catastrophic mechanical failures and economic disruption.