This podcast from Aviation Maintenance Magazine discusses the differences between the ITARs (International Traffic in Arms Regulations) and the EARs (Export Administration Regulations), which are the two U.S. legal systems that govern the export of aircraft parts. The author clarifies that, although many people assume the State Department (ITAR) regulates all defense-related exports, the Commerce Department (EAR) now controls a significant number of aircraft parts, even those destined for military use. This shift was a result of a deliberate simplification of the export regulations, which began about 15 years ago. The author provides a list of aircraft parts currently under ITAR jurisdiction, highlighting the fact that the majority of aircraft parts are subject to the EARs. The author concludes by reminding readers that both regulatory systems require licensing and that even returning aircraft parts to a foreign customer after maintenance in the U.S. constitutes an export subject to these